4.8 万公里高铁网，把大半个中国连成通勤圈。买票只用一个 App：铁路 12306。难点不在买，而在「注册核验」和「进站通道」。 48,000 km of high-speed rail turns much of China into one commuter belt. There's only one place to book: 12306. The hard parts aren't buying — they're passport verification and knowing which gate to walk through.
车次首字母代表速度等级，决定了票价、时长和舒适度。买票前先看清楚。 The first letter is the speed class, which drives price, journey time and comfort. Check it before you book.
| 字母 | 类型 | 最高时速 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| G | 高速动车组（高铁） | 300–350 km/h | 最快最贵，城际首选。北京→上海约 4.5 小时 |
| D | 动车组 | 200–250 km/h | 性价比高的主力，线路覆盖最广 |
| C | 城际列车 | 200–350 km/h | 短途城市群之间，如京津、广深、成渝，班次密集 |
| Z | 直达特快 | 160 km/h | 普速中的快车，多为夕发朝至 |
| T | 特快 | 140 km/h | 停站较少，性价比不错 |
| K | 快速 | 120 km/h | 停站多、时间长，偏远地区常见 |
| Code | Type | Top speed | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| G | High-speed (Gaotie) | 300–350 km/h | Fastest and priciest. Beijing→Shanghai ≈ 4.5 h |
| D | Electric multiple unit | 200–250 km/h | Best value workhorse; widest network |
| C | Intercity | 200–350 km/h | Short hops between city clusters — Beijing–Tianjin, Guangzhou–Shenzhen, Chengdu–Chongqing |
| Z | Direct express | 160 km/h | Fastest conventional train; often overnight |
| T | Express | 140 km/h | Fewer stops, good value |
| K | Fast train | 120 km/h | Many stops, long journeys; common in remote regions |
官方唯一售票渠道，App 内可切换英文界面。也可在网页版 12306.cn 操作。
The only official ticket channel. The app has an English interface; the website 12306.cn works too.
境外手机号可以注册并能接收验证码。填写常用邮箱便于找回。
Foreign numbers work and receive SMS codes. Add an email for recovery.
「我的」→「乘车人 / Passengers」→ 新增 → 证件类型选护照，填写姓名（与护照完全一致，含空格）、护照号、有效期、国籍。
Me → Passengers → add new → choose Passport as ID type, then enter your name exactly as printed (spaces included), passport number, expiry and nationality.
系统显示「待核验 / 未通过」时，需完成核验才能购票。常见方式：
If it shows "pending" or "not verified", you must verify before buying. Two routes:
核验可能需要 1–3 个工作日。出发前一周就完成，否则抢票当天才发现买不了就晚了。
Allow 1–3 working days. Finish it a week before you fly — discovering you can't buy tickets on release day is too late.
首页输入出发地、目的地、日期 → 查询。可以用「出发时段」「只看高铁/G/D」筛选。
Enter origin, destination and date, then search. Filter by departure window or "G/D only".
点进车次，选择二等座 / 一等座 / 商务座（详见下方座位说明）。长途可选卧铺。
Open the train and choose Second / First / Business class (see below). Sleepers are available on long routes.
勾选你已核验通过的护照信息。一个订单可以加多位乘客。
Tick your verified passport entry. One order can hold several travellers.
高铁可选「靠窗 / 过道」与「同一车厢相邻」。普速卧铺可选上/中/下铺。
High-speed lets you pick window or aisle and seats together; conventional sleepers let you pick upper, middle or lower berth.
30 分钟内完成支付，超时订单自动取消。支持支付宝、微信支付与部分银行卡。
Pay within 30 minutes or the order cancels automatically. Alipay, WeChat Pay and some bank cards are accepted.
「订单 / 我的行程」里能看到车次、车厢、座位号、检票口。截个图，进站时用得上。
Your order screen shows train, carriage, seat and gate. Screenshot it — you'll need it at the station.
热门线路的票放出来常常几分钟就售罄。这时候用 12306 官方的候补购票功能——相当于官方排队，有人退票就自动按顺序给你。
Popular routes sell out within minutes. That's what the official waitlist (候补) is for — an official queue that automatically issues you a ticket when someone cancels.
| 等级 | 布局 | 体验 | 建议 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 商务座 | 1+2（部分 1+1） | 可平躺、含餐食、专属候车室 | 预算充足或长途夜行 |
| 一等座 | 2+2 | 宽敞、安静、有充电口 | 4 小时以上行程值得升级 |
| 二等座 | 3+2 | 标准座位，性价比最高 | 绝大多数人的选择 |
| 软卧 | 4 人包厢 | 有门、铺位宽、可充电 | 夕发朝至首选 |
| 硬卧 | 6 人开放隔间 | 上中下三铺，有被子 | 省钱的长途方案 |
| 无座 | — | 站票，票价同二等座 | 只在短途应急时考虑 |
| Class | Layout | Experience | Worth it when |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business | 1+2 (some 1+1) | Lies flat, meal included, lounge access | Budget isn't tight, or a long overnight run |
| First | 2+2 | Spacious, quiet, power outlets | Journeys over 4 hours |
| Second | 3+2 | Standard seat, best value | Almost always the right answer |
| Soft sleeper | 4-berth cabin with a door | Wide berth, power outlet | Overnight trips — arrive refreshed |
| Hard sleeper | 6-berth open bay | Upper / middle / lower, bedding provided | Long journeys on a budget |
| Standing | — | No seat, same price as Second | Only for short hops in an emergency |
高铁站建议提前 45–60 分钟；大型枢纽（北京南、上海虹桥、广州南）站体巨大，提前 1 小时更稳。火车不等迟到的人。
Aim for 45–60 minutes before departure; the mega-hubs (Beijing South, Shanghai Hongqiao, Guangzhou South) are enormous, so allow an hour. Trains do not wait.
凭护照与订单进站。安检与机场类似：行李过机、人身检查。水杯里的液体有时需要喝一口或丢弃。
Enter with your passport and booking. Security resembles an airport: bags through the scanner, body check. You may be asked to sip from or discard a water bottle.
护照不能刷自动闸机。找到标着「人工通道 / 重点旅客通道」的检票口，把护照给工作人员核验。
A passport will not open the automatic gate. Look for the lane marked 人工通道 (staffed) or 重点旅客通道 and hand your passport to the attendant.
候车厅大屏显示车次、检票口、状态（候车 / 检票中 / 停止检票）。检票口可能在发车前 10–20 分钟才显示，别着急。
The departure board lists train, gate and status (waiting / boarding / closed). The gate number can appear only 10–20 minutes before departure — don't panic.
听到广播或看到「检票中」就排队。同样走人工通道。站台上看地标颜色找对应车厢位置。
Queue when the board flips to "boarding" and use the staffed lane again. On the platform, follow the coloured platform markers to your carriage.
列车员会查票，出示护照与订单信息即可。座位号贴在车窗上方。
The conductor checks tickets; show your passport and booking. Seat numbers are printed above the window.
到站后同样走人工通道出站，可能需要查验护照。
Exit via the staffed lane as well — your passport may be checked.
具体品类与限量以 12306 官方「禁止和限制携带物品目录」为准，出行前可在 App 内查阅。
Exact categories and limits follow the official 12306 list of prohibited and restricted items — check it in the app before you travel.
目前互联网售票预售期为 15 天（含当日），具体以 12306 公告为准。热门线路（如节假日京沪、成渝）建议开票当天就买，并设置候补兜底。
Online sales open 15 days ahead including the day of travel, subject to 12306 announcements. For hot routes during holidays, buy on release day and set a waitlist as backup.
无法进站，只能退票重买。所以填写乘车人时请逐字照抄护照资料页。如果已经买错，尽快退票（越早手续费越低）后重新下单。
You won't get in — you'll have to refund and rebook. That's why you copy the passport page character by character. If you've already bought it wrong, refund immediately (fees rise closer to departure) and rebook.
可以。带护照原件到售票窗口，现金与扫码都支持。缺点是排队时间长，且窗口余票与网络并不实时同步，一般不如 App 方便。
Yes — bring your physical passport; cash and scanning both work. Downsides: queues, and window inventory isn't perfectly in sync with the app, so it's usually less convenient.
不需要。凭护照走人工通道即可进站乘车。如需报销凭证，可在车站自助机或窗口打印「报销凭证」（它不是车票本身）。
No. Your passport plus the staffed lane is enough. If you need a receipt for expenses, print a reimbursement voucher at a station kiosk or counter — it isn't a travel document.
同站换乘建议留 30 分钟以上；跨站换乘（如上海站→上海虹桥）至少留 1.5 小时，还要算上市内交通。北京南、上海虹桥这类枢纽站内步行就可能要 15 分钟。
Allow 30+ minutes for a same-station transfer; 1.5 hours or more if you must change stations (Shanghai Station → Hongqiao), plus city travel time. Walking inside hubs like Beijing South can take 15 minutes alone.
高铁有餐车与盒饭，也可以扫码点餐送到座位（部分车次）。建议上车前在车站买好吃的。Wi-Fi 覆盖不稳定，别指望；提前下载好离线内容更实用。二等座每个座位都有充电插座。
High-speed trains have a buffet car and boxed meals, and on some services you can scan to order to your seat. Buy food before boarding. Wi-Fi is unreliable — download offline content instead. Second class has power outlets at the seats.